Checklist of the Malawi "Hap" Species Flock (Alphabetically) |
![]() Cheilochromis euchilus, photo © by M.K. Oliver |
Latest addition: Two new cave-dwelling species of Otopharynx described by Cleaver, Konings, & Stauffer (2009)
Below is an alphabetical checklist of Lake Malawi's haplochromine genera and species (other than Mbuna). The list, which is also available sorted by color pattern, follows Eccles & Trewavas's (1989) classification, as modified by selected subsequent work. For want of a better name, this non-mbuna species flock can informally be called the "Haps," after the genus Haplochromis Hilgendorf, to which many of these fishes were once assigned.
Select a generic name below to see the list of species it contains, with (nonclickable) icons showing their color pattern(s). Within each genus, some genus and species names are linked to habitus photos and drawings; at least one species of every genus is illustrated. Tip: Be sure to scroll down on each picture page for the caption and any additional pictures. All photos at this web site are by M.K. Oliver, unless otherwise credited. A few photos at external sites are also linked. Most species also have a link from the author and year of publication to the literature citation of the original description. Some publications containing many new species (such as Trewavas, 1935) are not linked to every species, but you will find the same publication (author and year) as a link on a nearby species.
[For a different approach to listing these fishes, with all the same illustration links but
without the authority and year or the publication data, see
Checklist of the Malawi "Hap" Species Flock (by Color Pattern).
Also available is a list of only the illustrated species of "Haps."
For the Mbuna, go to Checklist of the Mbuna Species Flock.
To learn more about these two groups, see What Is a Species Flock?
What Is a Metaflock?]
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Article on The Peacock Cichlids of Lake Malawi
, by John Farrell Kuhns
Psammophilous (sandy substrate) Aulonocara species [reviewed by Konings (1995)]:
Note: Several species formerly classified in Copadichromis are now assigned to Mchenga
Jump to article and photos by Jessica Miller at The Cichlid Room Companion
(Junior subjective synonym of Mylochromis Regan, 1920, which see)
Lithophilous (rocky shore) & intermediate zone Aulonocara species ("Peacocks"; "Kaiserbuntbarsche"):
Aulonocara species incertae sedis (of uncertain position within the genus):
Jump to article and photo at Cichlid Press
Jump to article and photos by Stéphane Thiell on what is probably this species
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Buccochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Caprichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Champsochromis Boulenger, 1915
Cheilochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Chilotilapia Boulenger, 1908
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Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Copadichromis atripinnis Stauffer & Sato, 2002 ![]()
Copadichromis azureus Konings, 1990
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Copadichromis boadzulu (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis borleyi (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis chizumuluensis Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis chrysonotus (Boulenger, 1908) ![]()
Copadichromis cyaneus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Copadichromis cyanocephalus Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis diplostigma Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis geertsi Konings, 1999 ![]()
Copadichromis ilesi Konings, 1999 ![]()
Copadichromis insularis Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis jacksoni (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis likomae (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis melas Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis mbenjii Konings, 1990 ![]()
Copadichromis mloto (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis nkatae (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis parvus Stauffer & Konings, 2006 ![]()
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Copadichromis pleurostigma (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Copadichromis pleurostigmoides (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis prostoma (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Copadichromis quadrimaculatus (Regan, 1922) type species ![]()
Copadichromis trewavasae Konings, 1999 ![]()
Copadichromis trimaculatus (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Copadichromis verduyni Konings, 1990 ![]()
Copadichromis virginalis (Iles, 1960)
Corematodus Boulenger, 1897
Ctenopharynx Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Cyrtocara Boulenger, 1902
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Dimidiochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Diplotaxodon Trewavas, 1935
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Docimodus Boulenger, 1897
Eclectochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Exochochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Fossorochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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[junior subjective synonym: Haplochromis macrorhynchus Regan, 1922]
Hemitaeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Hemitilapia Boulenger, 1902
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Lethrinops Regan, 1922
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Lethrinops albus Regan, 1922 ![]()
Lethrinops altus Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops argenteus Ahl, 1926 ![]()
Lethrinops auritus (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Lethrinops christyi Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
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Lethrinops "deep-water albus" ![]()
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Lethrinops furcifer Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops gossei Burgess & Axelrod, 1973 ![]()
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Lethrinops leptodon Regan, 1922 ![]()
Lethrinops lethrinus (Günther, 1894) type species ![]()
Lethrinops longimanus Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops longipinnis Eccles & Lewis, 1978 ![]()
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Lethrinops lunaris Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops macracanthus Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
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Lethrinops macrochir (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Lethrinops macrophthalmus (Boulenger, 1908) ![]()
Lethrinops marginatus Ahl, 1926 ![]()
Lethrinops micrentodon (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Lethrinops "micrentodon Makokola" ![]()
Lethrinops microdon Eccles & Lewis, 1977 ![]()
Lethrinops microstoma Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops mylodon mylodon Eccles & Lewis, 1979 ![]()
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Lethrinops mylodon borealis Eccles & Lewis, 1979 ![]()
Lethrinops oculatus Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops "oliveri" ![]()
Lethrinops parvidens Trewavas, 1931 ![]()
Lethrinops stridei Eccles & Lewis, 1977 ![]()
Lethrinops turneri Ngatunga & Snoeks, 2003 ![]()
Lethrinops "yellow chin" ![]()
Lethrinops sp. A ![]()
Lethrinops sp. B ![]()
Lethrinops sp. C
Lichnochromis Trewavas, 1935
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Maravichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006
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Mchenga conophoros (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993) Note 1 ![]()
Mchenga cyclicos (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993) type species ![]()
Mchenga eucinostomus (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Mchenga flavimanus (Iles, 1960) ![]()
Mchenga inornata (Boulenger, 1908) ![]()
Mchenga thinos (Stauffer, LoVullo, & McKaye, 1993)
Mylochromis Regan, 1920
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(Mylochromis Regan, 1920 is the senior subjective synonym of Maravichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989; see Derijst & Snoeks, 1992)
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Mylochromis anaphyrmus (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973) ![]()
Mylochromis balteatus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis chekopae Turner & Howarth, 2001 ![]()
Mylochromis ensatus Turner & Howarth, 2001 ![]()
Mylochromis epichorialis (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis ericotaenia (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Mylochromis formosus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis guentheri (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Mylochromis incola (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis labidodon (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis lateristriga (Günther, 1864) type species ![]()
Mylochromis melanotaenia (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Mylochromis mola (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis mollis (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis obtusus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis plagiotaenia (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Mylochromis semipalatus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Mylochromis sphaerodon (Regan, 1922)
Naevochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Nimbochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Nimbochromis fuscotaeniatus (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Nimbochromis linni (Burgess & Axelrod, 1974) ![]()
Nimbochromis livingstonii (Günther, 1894) type species ![]()
Nimbochromis maculimanus (Regan, 1922) (probably a synonym of N. polystigma) ![]()
Nimbochromis pardalis (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Nimbochromis polystigma (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Nimbochromis venustus (Boulenger, 1908) Upper gill arch elements
Visit article by A.D. Davis with breeding information
Nyassachromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Nyassachromis breviceps (Regan, 1922) type species ![]()
Nyassachromis leuciscus (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Nyassachromis microcephalus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Nyassachromis nigritaeniatus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Nyassachromis purpurans (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Nyassachromis serenus (Trewavas, 1935)
Otopharynx Regan, 1920
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Pallidochromis Turner, 1994
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Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Placidochromis acuticeps Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis acutirostris Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis argyrogaster Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis boops Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis borealis Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis chilolae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis communis Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis domirae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis ecclesi Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis electra (Burgess, 1979)
See Konings' underwater photo![]()
Placidochromis elongatus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis fuscus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis hennydaviesae (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973) ![]()
Placidochromis intermedius Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis johnstoni (Günther, 1894) ![]()
Placidochromis koningsi Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis lineatus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis longimanus (Trewavas, 1935) type species ![]()
Placidochromis longirostris Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis longus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis lukomae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis macroceps Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis macrognathus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis mbunoides Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis milomo Oliver, 1989 Neurocranium ![]()
Placidochromis minor Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis minutus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis msakae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis nigribarbis Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis nkhatae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis nkhotakotae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis obscurus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis ordinarius Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis orthognathus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis pallidus Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis phenochilus (Trewavas, 1935) Note 2 on the generic assignment
Ad Konings's article "The Blue Sanddwellers" with photo of P. phenochilus![]()
Placidochromis platyrhynchos Hanssens, 2004
Photos of live individual by Patrick Tawil at Philippe Burnel's site![]()
Placidochromis polli (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973) ![]()
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Placidochromis rotundifrons Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis "silver blotch" A mystery cichlid (possibly a form of P. phenochilus) ![]()
Placidochromis stonemani (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973) ![]()
Placidochromis subocularis (Günther, 1894) ![]()
Placidochromis trewavasae Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis turneri Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
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Placidochromis vulgaris Hanssens, 2004 ![]()
Platygnathochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Protomelas Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Protomelas annectens (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Protomelas dejunctus Stauffer, 1993 ![]()
Protomelas fenestratus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas insignis (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas kirkii (Günther, 1894) type species ![]()
Protomelas labridens (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas macrodon Eccles, 1989 ![]()
Protomelas marginatus marginatus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas marginatus vuae (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas pleurotaenia (Boulenger, 1901) ![]()
Protomelas similis (Regan, 1922) ![]()
Protomelas spilonotus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas spilopterus (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas sp. "steveni taiwan" ![]()
Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas, 1935) "Red Empress" ![]()
Protomelas triaenodon (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Protomelas virgatus (Trewavas, 1935)
Rhamphochromis Regan, 1922
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Rhamphochromis brevis Trewavas, 1935 ![]()
Rhamphochromis esox (Boulenger, 1908) ![]()
Rhamphochromis ferox Regan, 1922 ![]()
Rhamphochromis leptosoma Regan, 1922 ![]()
Rhamphochromis longiceps (Günther, 1864) type species ![]()
Rhamphochromis lucius Ahl, 1926 ![]()
Rhamphochromis macrophthalmus Regan, 1922 ![]()
Rhamphochromis woodi Regan, 1922
Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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[Genus revised by Konings (1993), who excluded S. gracilis and S. spilostichus, reassigning them to Mylochromis near Mylochromis formosus. M.K. Oliver continues to
consider those two predatory species with prominent, short premaxillary ascending processes ("pedicels") as belonging in Sciaenochromis, even with the revised concept of the type species S. ahli advocated by Konings (1993). See photos of
fishes tentatively identified as S. gracilis and S. spilostichus (links in the list below).]
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Sciaenochromis ahli (Trewavas, 1935) type species ![]()
Sciaenochromis benthicola Konings, 1993 ![]()
Sciaenochromis fryeri Konings, 1993
Article at Cichlid Room Companion on S. fryeri with breeding information, by David Felix![]()
Sciaenochromis gracilis (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Sciaenochromis psammophilus Konings, 1993 ![]()
Sciaenochromis spilostichus (Trewavas, 1935)
Stigmatochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Taeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Taeniolethrinops Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Tramitichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger, 1908) type species ![]()
Tramitichromis intermedius (Trewavas, 1935) ![]()
Tramitichromis lituris (Trewavas, 1931) ![]()
Tramitichromis trilineatus (Trewavas, 1931)
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Tramitichromis variabilis (Trewavas, 1931)
Trematocranus Trewavas, 1935
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Tyrannochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989
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Tyrannochromis macrostoma (Regan, 1922) type species ![]()
Tyrannochromis maculiceps (Ahl, 1926) ![]()
Tyrannochromis nigriventer Eccles, 1989 ![]()
Tyrannochromis polyodon (Trewavas, 1935)

Last Update: 17 August 2010
Web Author: M. K. Oliver, Ph.D.
Copyright © 1997-2010 by M. K. Oliver - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED